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The long term impact of neuroflammation induced by systemic inflammation on astroglial transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-KB activation in the sub-region of hippocampus as well as its' association with the ultra-structural changes in brain cells are yet unknow. In this study, rats received 10 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, ip injection) and NF-KBp65 expression on the astroglia as well as...
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide, which is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, acting both as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. Despite its extensive expression in the hippocampus, amygdala and other limbic system structures, the effects of VIP on anxiety and depression have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of the present study...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to severe disability and death within 3-5 years after diagnosis. The main mechanisms underlying the disease progression are poorly known but according to the current knowledge, neuroinflammation is a key player in motor neurons damage. Astrocytes constitute an important cell population involved in neuroinflammatory...
Excitatory GABA actions, induced by altered expression of chloride transporters (KCC2/NKCC1), can contribute to seizure generation in temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present study, we evaluated whether BDNF administration can affect KCC2/ NKCC1 expression, ictogenesis and behavioral alterations in this paradigm. Status epilepticus was induced in male rats with pilocarpine, followed by a treatment of...
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively characterize structural abnormalities of the cerebrum in a growth-retarded mouse (grt/grt) with a tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 gene defect. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images were obtained from fixed brains of male homogenous grt/grt (n=5) and heterozygous grt/+ (n=5) mice at 15 weeks of age, and volumes of representative cerebral...
The impact of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxification pathway on complex pathogenesis and heterogeneity of clinical findings in multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly the exact correlation between indicators of clinical severity and different GST genotypes, has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between disability level in multiple sclerosis...
The parabrachial complex has been related to various rewarding or aversive behavioral processes, including taste aversion learning and conditioned place aversion. This study examined the effect of tiapride, an antagonist of D2/D3 dopaminergic receptors, on place aversion induced by electrical stimulation of the external lateral parabrachial (LPBe) nucleus. Results obtained show that brain-stimulated...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of levetiracetam (LEV) on penicillin- induced epileptiform activity in rats. Penicillin was applied intracerebroventricularly (icv) at a dose of 500 IU to induce epileptiform activity. LEV was given intraperitoneally (ip) at doses of 20, 40, 80 mg/kg before penicillin injection. This agent reduced epileptiform activity by decreasing spike frequencies...
Morphine induces adaptive changes in gene expression throughout the reward circuitry of brain. Recent research has proven the functional interactions between opioid and endogenous cannabinoid system in the central nervous system (CNS). The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CBj-R) is one of the receptors that mediate the actions of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in the CNS. Here, we investigated the expression...
Just how the human brain functions remains one of the greatest unsolved puzzles. To solve this mystery, brain-function imaging for visualization of brain functions has developed rapidly in recent years. In particular, in vivo optical imaging by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has attracted attention as a technique that supports next-generation brain science. Utilizing its leading-edge...
GABAARs are crucial for neuronal inhibition. Using patch-clamp technique with ultrafast perfusion we found that mutations of hydrophobic residue at GABA-binding site affected not only binding affinity but also kinetics of macroscopic desensitization. Nonstationary variance analysis indicated that α1F64C mutation reduces maximum open probability. To obtain further information about the role of α1F64...
The aim was to clarify the effect of α2-adrenergic receptor activation on membrane potential, determine the cellular effector and the signal transduction pathway responsible for membrane potential changes. Recordings were made in slices in layer V mPFC pyramidal neurons in perforated-patch configuration at 33.8°C. Clonidine evoked a dose-dependent membrane hyperpolarisation. It was affected neither...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the development of learning and memory deficits. Particularly at later states of the disease, patients also progressively exhibit cognitive impairments and deficits in central sensory processing. Accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain of patients is thought to play a direct role in the initiation of AD. We use double transgenic APP23 x PS45 mice, who overexpress...
Cleaner fish inspect the surface, gills and sometimes the mouth of so called ‘client’ reef fish, eating ectoparasites, mucus, scales and dead or infected tissue. Individuals of the best studied species, the Indo-Pacific bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, may engage in as many as 2000 such interactions per day, and individual clients often visit cleaners several times during the same period,...
With relatedness being one of the most fundamental human motives and needs, infants are born with progressive capacity to communicate with others. Social interactions are the building blocks of human development. In particular, they can be considered as a very important “port of entry” in the early psychological intervention addressed to preterm infants and their families. Authors will present a unique...
Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder for the afflicted people and very costly for the society. Therapy is not solved and preclinical testing requires animal models. Several studies suggested that vasopressin is important in schizophrenia. Patients have lower plasma vasopressin levels, which was normalized after antipsychotic treatment. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is reduced in unmedicated schizophrenic...
Numerous studies showed that occurrence of hippocampal theta rhythm is critically dependent on the integrity of a number structures localized at the level of brainstem and diencephalon. In detailed electrophysiological studies, conducted on anesthetized rats, we demonstrated that the posterior hypothalamic area (PHa), is not only a modulator of hippocampal formation theta but also could generate theta...
Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the methods of examining an electrical activity of the brain. One can analyze everyday functioning or response for particular stimuli. Such responses are called Evoked Potentials (EP), and when the stimuli are given with stationery frequency, they are Steady State Evoked Potentials (SSEP). In my presentation I will concentrate on Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials...
Insecticide permethrin causes paralysis of insects by modification of membrane sodium channel (VGNa). It binds to site 7 on VGNa which shows positive allosteric interaction with site 3 for a-toxin from the venom of the scorpion. Alpha toxin accelerates depolarizing effect of permethrin on insect (cockroach) isolated axon. We assumed that the interaction between toxin and permethrin will be observed...
About 10% of neocortical pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 are connected to each other with strong and reliable synapses, displaying near-zero failure rates under the condition of very low network activity. However, in vivo many cells, including inhibitory neurons, exhibit elevated spontaneous firing activity. Here we investigated the effect of network activity on connection probability, strength, and...
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